C#文件同步工具教程

來源:http://www.cnblogs.com/meta/archive/2006/05/06/392522.html

我要介紹一下，用C#中FileSystemWatcher作文件監測同步更新兩個不同目錄中文件的小工具(A目錄中的1.txt發生改變時，B目錄中的1.txt也會自動改變以達到與A中的更新到相同的版本)，讓更多的編程愛好者能更快的入門，達到多學多練提高自身水平，當然，我不是牛人，還有很多不足之處，請指正(聲明：代碼中有很多待改進的地方，因多種原因，我沒有改,完整的代碼和一些資源，請到我的blog來下載http://blog.csdn.net/metababy)。

項目文件壓縮包下載地址: http://files.cnblogs.com/meta/文件同步工具.rar

本地下載: 文件同步工具.rar

用FileSystemWatcher在MSDN裡搜，找到URL為 ms-help:MS.VSCC.2003/MS.MSDNQTR.2003FEB.2052/cpref/html/frlrfsystemiofilesystemwatcherclassctortopic.htm 的頁面，在此頁的示例裡複製出這個代碼片斷

// Create a new FileSystemWatcher and set its properties.
 
        FileSystemWatcher watcher = new FileSystemWatcher();
        watcher.Path = args[1];
        /* Watch for changes in LastAccess and LastWrite times, and 
           the renaming of files or directories. */
        watcher.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.LastAccess | NotifyFilters.LastWrite 
           | NotifyFilters.FileName | NotifyFilters.DirectoryName;
        // Only watch text files.
        watcher.Filter = "*.txt";
 
        // Add event handlers.
        watcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
        watcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
        watcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
        watcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(OnRenamed);
 
        // Begin watching.
        watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
 
        // Wait for the user to quit the program.
        Console.WriteLine("Press \'q\' to quit the sample.");
        while(Console.Read()!='q');
    }
 
    // Define the event handlers.
    private static void OnChanged(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e)
    {
        // Specify what is done when a file is changed, created, or deleted.
       Console.WriteLine("File: " +  e.FullPath + " " + e.ChangeType);
    }
 
    private static void OnRenamed(object source, RenamedEventArgs e)
    {
        // Specify what is done when a file is renamed.
        Console.WriteLine("File: {0} renamed to {1}", e.OldFullPath, e.FullPath);
    }
}

從工具箱裡拖FolderBrowserDialog到Form1，在窗口底部會出現folderBrowserDialog1,保持其當前狀態，按F1,並在出現的頁面上點擊「FolderBrowserDialog構造函數，就會找到URL為 ms-help:MS.VSCC.2003/MS.MSDNQTR.2003FEB.2052/cpref/html/frlrfsystemwindowsformsfolderbrowserdialogclassctortopic.htm 的頁面，在此頁的末尾的地方有這樣的代碼片斷

    // Close the current file.
    private void closeMenuItem_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
        richTextBox1.Text = "";
        fileOpened = false;
 
        closeMenuItem.Enabled = false;
    }
 
 
    // Bring up a dialog to chose a folder path in which to open or save a file.
    private void folderMenuItem_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
        // Show the FolderBrowserDialog.
        DialogResult result = folderBrowserDialog1.ShowDialog();
        if( result == DialogResult.OK )
        {
            folderName = folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath;
            if(!fileOpened)
            {
                // No file is opened, bring up openFileDialog in selected path.
                openFileDialog1.InitialDirectory = folderName;
                openFileDialog1.FileName = null;
                openMenuItem.PerformClick();
            } 
        }
    }
}

新建C#項目，選「windows應用程序」,從工具箱拖Label到Form1,在屬性欄設置其location為20,20; size為70,23; 將Text改為「源目錄」。再拖TextBox到Form1，設置其location為16,60; size為200,21; 將Text刪除為空。

再拖Button到Form1,設置其location為230,60; size為63,23; 將Text改為「瀏覽」。

像上面一樣，再在適當的位置添加「目標目錄」label(location:20,104 size:80,23 text:目標目錄)和textbox(location:24,152 size:260,21 text:空，及「開始監測」button(location:130，192 size:80,23 text:開始監測)和另一個button-「瀏覽」各組件屬性列表如下：
name:label1 location:20,20 size:70,23 text:「源目錄」
name:textbox1 location:16,60 size:200,21 text:為空
name:button1 location:230,60 size:63,23 text:「瀏覽」
name:label2 location:20,104 size:80,23 text:「目標目錄」
name:textbox2 location:24,152 size:260,21 text:為空
name:button2 location:130,192 size:80,23 text:「開始監測」
name:button3 location:232,152 size:60,23 text:「瀏覽」

此時form1看起來像這樣(圖1):

在form1的設計介面上雙擊button1,轉到代碼窗口。

在光標閃爍的位置填入前面介紹的從MSDN上選取讀目錄的代碼，button1的雙擊處理方法現在像這樣

private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
  {
   DialogResult result = folderBrowserDialog1.ShowDialog();
        if( result == DialogResult.OK )
 
            textBox1.Text = folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath;
  }

轉到form1的設計介面，雙擊button3,將button3的雙擊處理方法改為這樣：

private void button3_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
  {
   DialogResult result = folderBrowserDialog1.ShowDialog();
   if( result == DialogResult.OK )
 
    textBox2.Text = folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath;
  }

在button2的處理方法裡加入監測代碼，完成後的代碼，如下：

private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
  {
   FileSystemWatcher watcher = new FileSystemWatcher();
   watcher.Path = textBox1.Text; //監測目錄改為textbox1.text
   /* 此代碼片斷是MSDN裡找的，前面介紹過的 */
   watcher.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.LastAccess | NotifyFilters.LastWrite 
    | NotifyFilters.FileName | NotifyFilters.DirectoryName;
   // Only watch text files.
   watcher.Filter = "";
 
   // Add event handlers.
   watcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
   watcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
   watcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnDeleted);
   watcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(OnRenamed);
 
   // Begin watching.
   watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
 
  }

注意在代碼最前面加入
using System.IO;
using System.Diagnostics;
這兩個名稱空間。
在button3的處理方法後，再加入三個方法，代碼如下：

  private void OnChanged(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e)
  {
   // Specify what is done when a file is changed, created, or deleted.
   File.Copy(this.textBox1.Text+"\\"+e.Name,this.textBox2.Text+"\\"+e.Name,true);
  }
 
  private void OnRenamed(object source, RenamedEventArgs e)
  {
   // Specify what is done when a file is renamed.
   File.Copy(this.textBox1.Text+"\\"+e.Name,this.textBox2.Text+"\\"+e.Name,true);
  }
 
  private void OnDeleted(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e)
  {
   File.Delete(this.textBox2.Text+"\\"+e.Name);
  }

完整的代碼和一些資源，請到我的blog來下載http://blog.csdn.net/metababy
另：這個工具，很簡單，沒有加入處理異常的代碼，也沒有處理當前目錄下的子目錄的功能，這些，你可以自己找幫助看MSDN加入。

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.IO;
using System.Diagnostics;
 
namespace 文件同步工具
{
 /// <summary>
 /// Form1 的摘要說明。
 /// </summary>
 public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
 {
  private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
  private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
  private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1;
  private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
  private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox2;
  private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2;
  private System.Windows.Forms.FolderBrowserDialog folderBrowserDialog1;
  private System.Windows.Forms.Button button3;
  /// <summary>
  /// 必需的設計器變量。
  /// </summary>
  private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
 
  public Form1()
  {
   //
   // Windows 窗體設計器支持所必需的
   //
   InitializeComponent();
 
   //
   // TODO: 在 InitializeComponent 調用後添加任何構造函數代碼
   //
  }
 
  /// <summary>
  /// 清理所有正在使用的資源。
  /// </summary>
  protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
  {
   if( disposing )
   {
    if (components != null) 
    {
     components.Dispose();
    }
   }
   base.Dispose( disposing );
  }
 
  #region Windows 窗體設計器生成的代碼
  /// <summary>
  /// 設計器支持所需的方法 - 不要使用代碼編輯器修改
  /// 此方法的內容。
  /// </summary>
  private void InitializeComponent()
  {
   this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
   this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
   this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
   this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
   this.textBox2 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
   this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
   this.folderBrowserDialog1 = new System.Windows.Forms.FolderBrowserDialog();
   this.button3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
   this.SuspendLayout();
   // 
   // label1
   // 
   this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(20, 20);
   this.label1.Name = "label1";
   this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(70, 23);
   this.label1.TabIndex = 0;
   this.label1.Text = "源目錄";
   // 
   // textBox1
   // 
   this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 60);
   this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
   this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(200, 21);
   this.textBox1.TabIndex = 1;
   this.textBox1.Text = "";
   // 
   // button1
   // 
   this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(230, 60);
   this.button1.Name = "button1";
   this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(63, 23);
   this.button1.TabIndex = 2;
   this.button1.Text = "瀏覽";
   this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
   // 
   // label2
   // 
   this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(20, 104);
   this.label2.Name = "label2";
   this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(80, 23);
   this.label2.TabIndex = 3;
   this.label2.Text = "目標目錄";
   // 
   // textBox2
   // 
   this.textBox2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(24, 152);
   this.textBox2.Name = "textBox2";
   this.textBox2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(200, 21);
   this.textBox2.TabIndex = 4;
   this.textBox2.Text = "";
   // 
   // button2
   // 
   this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(130, 192);
   this.button2.Name = "button2";
   this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(80, 23);
   this.button2.TabIndex = 5;
   this.button2.Text = "開始監測";
   this.button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button2_Click);
   // 
   // button3
   // 
   this.button3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(232, 152);
   this.button3.Name = "button3";
   this.button3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(60, 23);
   this.button3.TabIndex = 6;
   this.button3.Text = "瀏覽";
   this.button3.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button3_Click_1);
   // 
   // Form1
   // 
   this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
   this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(292, 273);
   this.Controls.Add(this.button3);
   this.Controls.Add(this.button2);
   this.Controls.Add(this.textBox2);
   this.Controls.Add(this.label2);
   this.Controls.Add(this.button1);
   this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1);
   this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
   this.Name = "Form1";
   this.Text = "Form1";
   this.ResumeLayout(false);
 
  }
  #endregion
 
  /// <summary>
  /// 應用程序的主入口點。
  /// </summary>
  [STAThread]
  static void Main() 
  {
   Application.Run(new Form1());
  }
 
  private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
  {
   DialogResult result = folderBrowserDialog1.ShowDialog();
        if( result == DialogResult.OK )
 
            textBox1.Text = folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath;
  }
 
  private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
  {
   FileSystemWatcher watcher = new FileSystemWatcher();
   watcher.Path = textBox1.Text; //監測目錄改為textbox1.text
   /* 此代碼片斷是MSDN裡找的，前面介紹過的 共純春製作的示範程序，很多問題，沒有解決的，更多請到我的blog來 http://blog.csdn.net/metababy*/
 
   watcher.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.LastAccess | NotifyFilters.LastWrite 
    | NotifyFilters.FileName | NotifyFilters.DirectoryName;
   // Only watch text files.
   watcher.Filter = "";
 
   // Add event handlers.
   watcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
   watcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
   watcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnDeleted);
   watcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(OnRenamed);
 
   // Begin watching.
   watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
 
 
  }
 
  private void button3_Click_1(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
  {
   DialogResult result = folderBrowserDialog1.ShowDialog();
   if( result == DialogResult.OK )
 
    textBox2.Text = folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath;
 
  }
  private void OnChanged(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e)
  {
   // Specify what is done when a file is changed, created, or deleted.
   File.Copy(this.textBox1.Text+"\\"+e.Name,this.textBox2.Text+"\\"+e.Name,true);
  }
 
  private void OnRenamed(object source, RenamedEventArgs e)
  {
   // Specify what is done when a file is renamed.
   File.Copy(this.textBox1.Text+"\\"+e.Name,this.textBox2.Text+"\\"+e.Name,true);
  }
 
  private void OnDeleted(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e)
  {
   File.Delete(this.textBox2.Text+"\\"+e.Name);
  }
 }
}

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